POWER ELECTRONICS · PV MPPT STUDY
PLECS-ORIENTED STUDY · AVERAGED MODEL

Wired PV stack + MPPT scope

Three floating PV sources feed a series-connected stack of averaged buck converters, observed through one simulated string-current sensor. Explore recorded duty/current trials and model-derived PV operating points.

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System architecture

Power wiring in blue · sensed signals and control in green
POWER (solid blue) · CONTROL / SENSOR (dashed green) PV1 · shaded +− PV1+PV1− Buck 1 (avg)Vₒ₁ = d₁Vₚᵥ₁d₁ ← MPPT +− PV2 · shaded +− PV2+PV2− Buck 2 (avg)Vₒ₂ = d₂Vₚᵥ₂d₂ ← MPPT +− PV3 · shaded +− PV3+PV3− Buck 3 (avg)Vₒ₃ = d₃Vₚᵥ₃d₃ ← MPPT +− A · Iseries 4 Ω return stack − / reference −1 → +2 −2 → +3 MPPT · one sensor input: Iseries outputs: d₁, d₂, d₃ MPPT duty commands: d₁ / d₂ / d₃
PV input terminals are separate and floating; only the output stack negative is grounded.
Key averaged equations: IPV,i = di Iseries  ·  Vout,i = di VPV,i  ·  Vstack = ∑ Vout,i = 4Iseries  ·  Pload = 4Iseries²
Shaded PV model: 3 serial substrings per panel; Isc,k = 12Gk/1000 A; Vk = 15(1 − IPV/Isc,k)1/12 when IPV ≤ Isc,k, otherwise −0.5 V (idealized bypass); VPV = max(0, ∑Vk). Dashed green lines are signals, not electrical connections.
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MPPT experiment replay

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Shared output response

Recorded averaged-model duty/current trials
Iseries (A) · time (s)
Pload = 4I² (W) · time (s)

Panel operating points

Model-derived P–V characteristics
PV1 P–V
PV2 P–V
PV3 P–V
Total output P–V*
PV BUCK OPTIMIZATION · PLECS-ORIENTED STUDY · AVERAGED-MODEL REPLAY